History

                              Beginning and Widespread

  It is said that the first agriculture began in Levant. Besides, the remains indicating what people plant the kind of the plant which grew in the nature till then and harvested in Egypt and India are found. In addition, agriculture began independently in Chinese (Yellow River basin, Chang River basin) African Sahel, New Guinea, each place of North and South America. It is about B.C. 7000 that small farming began in Egypt. It is revealed that I cultivated wheat and barley in the Indian subcontinent in about B.C. 7000. At the same time, cultivation of rice begins in East Asia. China and the Indonesian farmer come to cultivate the beans such as taro, soybean and the azuki more. Population has begun to increase at speed not to be able to compare with then by progress of such agriculture.

  Corn and cassava came to be cultivated as farm products in the American continent in about B.C. 5200. Farm products of the American continent origin include a potato, a tomato, some beans, cigarettes elsewhere.Fields developed in the Andes in South America. the Animals such as marmot, llama and alpaca were domesticated in South America, too. People made a progenitor of the modern corn in MesoAmerica more than 6,000 years ago. It gradually spread out in North America and became the main food of the Native American when European people arrived at the New World. The crops native of MesoAmerica include several hundred kinds of pumpkins and beans elsewhere. It is MesoAmerica to have assumed a cacao the crops. 
 

　　　　　　　　      Agriculture in ancient 


                                Modern Agriculture

  After 1492, the exchange of the global farm products kind and domestic animal kind began. The main crops brought in Europe by North and South America include a tomato, corn, a potato, a cassava, cocoa, a cigarette. On the contrary, farm products brought into the new world include wheat, spice, coffee, sugar cane. The most important domestic animal brought into the new world includes a horse and a dog. It was not an edible domestic animal, but the horse and the dog came to play a productive role in the agriculture of North and South America immediately. 
  Farming technique, agricultural machinery, improvement of the cultivate advanced by the early 19th century, and the harvests per unit area increased markedly in comparison with the Middle Ages. Most farming became  possible on speed and a scale by sudden progress of the mechanization of the early 20th century from the end of 19th century. By such a progress, We became able to cultivate the considerably high-quality crops in countries such as United States of America, Argentina, Israel, Germany. 
  Productivity improves the agriculture of the 20th century and omitted trouble with artificial manure and a pesticide, but it causes water pollution, and movement to promote organic farming produces it. 
  However, concern occurs in a sustainability about such an intensive agriculture. Quality of the soil decreases by intensive agriculture in Asia such as India, and the influence on environment of artificial manure and the pesticide is concerned about. We usually cultivate a single kind by the intensive agriculture, but a disease and the pest become easy to  occur thereby too, and come to cannot but depend on a pesticide.
 

　　　　　　　　　　　　　Agriculture's  machine