Future

 Today, I will write article about only future of Japanese agriculture. ( Actually, I want to write it about future of world agriculture....)

Technology
  In farm products import and agricultural methods and agricultural administration, the situation of the lack and surplus in the Japanese agriculture were created. This shows a skewness of the agriculture production capacity structure of our country or a weakness. In addition, a skewness and the weakness of the production capacity structure of the agriculture influenced an aspect of the management and brought down of increase and the agriculture work force of the farmer with a side job. Besides, the remarkable progress of the unification of the management, the mechanization and chemistry  caused problems such as destruction of nature of the land, pollution, animal husbandry pollution, the environmental disruption of farm products, healthy destruction, entrenchment of the oil dependency type agriculture, the mechanization poverty. Such a situation shows the critical situation of the Japanese agriculture. Therefore, the development of the future agriculture must begin from improving such situations.
　Primarily it is necessary to change partial technical development and make general entire surface technical development. The technique in rice growing, stock raising and fruit or the vegetables which was placed to the growth crops under the rapid economic growth and faced an excessive problem developed very much today. On the other hand, the technique in wheat and a soybean or forage crop, the cereals which  was excluded from the growth crops and continued declining was delayed and declined. Therefore, in the future technical development, it is necessary that Japan pours the effort that we paid to rice growing into wheat, soybean, forage crop and cereals. 
　Second it is necessary to perform technology development for energy saving. As energy saving, as for one, there is the effective use such as solar energy and wind and water and terrestrial heat or the waste heat. As for the others, there is the reduction of manure and the pesticide, limit for a production organization doing the overinvestment to an agricultural machine. For example, the compost-type restroom processing feces and urine has been already spread practical use, and the making of vegetables which used a craze for compost begins.

↓an energy saving-agricultural machine which is made in these days.





Biotechnology
　In Japanese agriculture in the future, it is very important to bring about the new technique that the history of the conventional agriculture did not have. Therefore one useful technique  is biotechnology. The biotechnology is expected to bring great contribution with improvement of the quality of farm products and increase of the amount of production.
  And the recombinant DNA technology by the biotechnology is a technique to take the gene part which had information out of a certain creature and incorporate it in the gene of other creatures and create useful creatures or incorporate it in the gene of the microbe and multiply it and  let a useful material produce it. As for a future application possibility, there are the development of the plant which does not need nitrogenous fertilizer, the expansion of the cultivation right area by giving the stress-resistant such as halotolerance and cold resistance and drying characteristics-resistant, improvement of the photosynthesis ability, growth stimulation and the becoming gigantic of the plant, development of the animal medicine.

↓the plant that was genetically modified




I wish Japanese agriculture develops more than now.

Thank you for watching my blog!
See you!

Comparison

 Today, I will write a blog about Japanese agriculture and foreign one comparison.

 We often hear "The food self-sufficiency ratio in Japan has a low"  in reported news. therefore, you may think that in Japan agriculture is not so prosperous. But, Japan is one of the countries where agriculture is the most prosperous.

Japanese agriculture

  At first, the thing I want you to know is that it is only Japan in the world to measure food self-sufficiency ratio. The food self-sufficiency ratio is totally unreliable in showing a scale of the national agriculture. According to a certain investigation, Japan is the fifth agriculture large country in the world.  
 Ｔhe gross domestic product of the Japanese agriculture is 5,349 billion yen, and accounts for all industrial 1.13% in 2,009 years.  The work force of the agriculture is 2,360,000 people, and accounts for all industrial 3.7% in 2009 and is the work force of the country second place next to the construction industry. 

・Characteristic of Japanese agriculture
The scale of the house is small. The productivity per unit area is high. There are many rice fields on the land use, but the cultivation of vegetables, flowers, fruit trees increase by the change of the eating habits.

・Problem of Japanese agriculture
　Ｉt is necessary to raise quality and productivity to be opposed to the cheap import goods from the foreign country.　

・Agricultural methods peculiar to Japan
 Forcing culture : Agricultural method to raise farm products such as vegetables or flowers early with a warm climate and plastic greenhouses. We can sell more highly than outdoor culture.

   Agriculture in the high mountain where it is cool :   Agricultural method to cultivate cabbages and Chinese cabbages with a cool climate of the plateau from spring to summer.

    Agriculture in suburban areas :   Agricultural method to supply vegetables, flowers and milk for a city in the suburbs of a big city. Because farmland is near the market, we can send fresh things, and transit cost is not so high.

Foreign agriculture

・America
  American agriculture is basically efficiency serious consideration.Therefore little number of people performs large-scale agriculture.Therefore they use the considerably big agricultural machine.Because the machine needs to be contained, it is necessary to do suitable division maintenance.





・France
  France is the Europe's greatest agriculture large country. The main agricultural method is Mediterranean agriculture. The Mediterranean agriculture is a agricultural method to a Cs climate to dry in summer. The main cultivation crops are fruit trees (olive orange grape) and cereals (wheat, barley). The domestic animals are sheep, goats resisting drying, and shifting pasturage is carried out.





・Netherlands
  The Netherlands main agricultural method is gardening agriculture. Gardening agriculture is intensive agriculture at the point of the expense that it costs for the labor per unit area, the annual labor days, dropping capital in large quantities. It is divided into agriculture in urban areas and suburban agriculture by the distance with the city. The cultivation crops are vegetables, flowers, fruits, and they are produced for a city. Because product value is high as an article having high freshness, limitation of the transportation is large.

 

Energy

Agriculture has deep relation to energy. For example, energy sources of machines of agriculture, pesticides and manures are almost fossil fuel. Today, this is a serious problem. The quantity of  fossil fuel is reducing. If we can't use fossil fuel, agriculture, that is, our eating life is badly influenced.

Kind of consumption of the fossil fuel

 The modern mechanized agriculture depends on the fossil fuel by two methods. We use it as fuel directly at a farm and use it indirectly in a process preparing a thing to use at a farm. As direct consumption, we use gas and the electricity for dryers, pumps, heaters, air conditioners as well as the use them as fuel and the lubricant of the agricultural machine. The energy that a farmhouse of the United States of America used directly until 2002 is approximately 1.2 exa- Joule, and this is a little over 1% of all energy consumption of America.
 The indirect consumption is mainly oil and natural gas used for manure and the production of the pesticide . (the energy used for the production of the agricultural machine is a kind of the indirect consumption, but it is not included in statistics of the United States of America Department of Agriculture.) In the United States, the direct and indirect energy used by agriculture accounts for overall approximately 2% . However, the direct and indirect energy used by agriculture gradually tends to decrease in United States.


Oil shortage！

 Using fossil fuel in conjunction with agriculture most is to use natural gas to get hydrogen of raw materials when I make artificial manure with the harbor bosh method . Because natural gas is the cheapest as raw materials of hydrogen, natural gas is used for this method. If oil decreases, natural gas comes to be used as the substitute temporarily, and natural gas becomes more expensive concerning supply and demand. If other raw materials of  hydrogen are not found, the production of the artificial manure by the harbor bosh method comes to cost highly and acquisition of the artificial manure becomes difficult. Then  food price suddenly soars and may become the global food crisis.
  A switch to organic farming is considered as oil shortage measures. insecticides, weed killers and artificial manures which are petrochemical products are not used in organic farming. There is the farming family who demonstrated that amount of production does not decrease by a modern organic farming. However, the organic farming needs the shifts of the work force from the city to the district.
 The method that we make biocharcoal and synthetic fuel from waste in a farm village and use as fuel is suggested. Because synthetic fuel can be produced and used on the spot, it can supply the fuel which is enough for the organic farming .
 The development of the genetically-modified crops which amount of production does not decrease even if there is little manure is pushed forward. However, as for the genetically-modified crops, a question was presented by ecologists and  economists, and a report that "The genetically-modified crops were were failure in both the environment aspect and the economic aspect. " was published in January, 2008.